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Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn khusrow (1253–1325 CE) Hindi अमीर ख़ुसरौ, (;, better known as Amīr Khusraw (also Khusrow, Hazrat Khusrow, Ameer Khusru) Dehlawī (meaning Amir Khusrau of Delhi) () was a Sufi musician, poet and scholar. He was an iconic figure in the cultural history of the Indian subcontinent. He was a mystic and a spiritual disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya of Delhi. Amīr Khusrau is reputed to have invented certain musical instruments like the sitar and tabla.He wrote poetry primarily in Persian, but also in Hindavi. A vocabulary in verse, the ''Ḳhāliq Bārī'', containing Arabic, Persian, and Hindavi terms'' is often attributed to him. He is regarded as the ''"father of Qawwali"'' (a devotional music form of the Sufis in the Indian subcontinent), and introduced the ghazal style of song into India, both of which still exist widely in India and Pakistan.〔Regula Burckhardt Qureshi, Harold S. Powers. ''(Sufi Music of India. Sound, Context and Meaning in Qawwali )''. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 109, No. 4 (Oct. – Dec. 1989), pp. 702–705. .〕 He is also credited with introducing Persian, Arabic and Turkish elements into Indian classical music and was the originator of the khayal and tarana styles of music. Khusrau was an expert in many styles of Persian poetry which were developed in medieval Persia, from Khāqānī's ''qasidas'' to Nizami's ''khamsa''. He used 11 metrical schemes with 35 distinct divisions. He has written in many verse forms including ghazal, masnavi, qata, rubai, do-baiti and tarkib-band. His contribution to the development of the ''g͟hazal'', is significant.〔A. Schimmel, "Amīr k̲oṣrow Dehlawī", in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, 2007,〕 == Early life and background == Amīr Khusrou was born in Patiyali in Etah, Uttar Pradesh. His father, Amīr Saif-ud-Dīn Mahmūd, was a Turkic officer and a member of the Lachin tribe of Transoxania,Central Asia, themselves belonging to the Kara-Khitais.〔A. Schimmel, "Amīr Ḵoṣrow Dehlawī", in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, 2007, ((LINK ))〕〔("Амир Хосров Дехлеви", Great Soviet Encyclopedia, Moscow, 1970 )〕〔(Dr. Iraj Bashiri. "Amir Khusrau Dihlavi". 2001 )〕 At the invasion of Genghis Khan, Saifuddin migrated from his hometown Kesh, near Samarkand, to Balkh. Saifuddin was then the chieftain of the Hazara. Shamsuddin Iltutmish, the Sultan of Delhi, welcomed them to Delhi. He provided shelter to the exiled princes, artisans, scholars and rich nobles. In 1230, he was granted a fief in the district of Patiyali. Amir Saifuddin married Bibi Daulatnaz, who was the daughter of Rawat Arz, the famous war minister of Balban, and belonged to the Rajput tribes of Uttar Pradesh.〔〔(Islamic Culture, by the Islamic Cultural Board, Muhammad Asad, Academic and Cultural Publications Charitable Trust (Hyderabad, India), Marmaduke William Pickthall, 1927, p. 219 )〕 They had four children, three sons and a daughter. Amir Khusro was one among them born in the year 1252-53 CE in Patiyali. His father Saifuddin died in 1260 CE. Khusrau was an intelligent child. He started learning and writing poetry at the age of eight. After the death of his father, he came to Delhi to his maternal grandfather Imadul Mulk's house. In 1271 CE, when Khusrau was 20 years old, his grandfather who was 113 years old died. His mother brought him up after his death. Amir Khusrau is called the "Parrot of India" 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amir Khusrow」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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